Monday, August 24, 2020

Greek Victory In The Persian Invasion

Greek Victory In The Persian Invasion The Greek history has been extraordinarily affected by the wars among Greece and Persia. These wars are viewed as the achievement in taking care of business the historical backdrop of Greece. For Greece, the war against Persia has been viewed as a critical component by the Athenians as they remained strategically and socially predominant in this area and in this manner comprehended the significance of fifth century, when most intrusions happened, successfully. A significant element that assumed noteworthy job in making the Greeks to win Persian wars was that of their Unity against Persia. Another significant explanation incorporates the Ionian Revolt, and related rebellions. The disappointment of the Greek urban communities were at the core of the defiance with the despots named by Persia to govern them, alongside two Milesian dictators, Histiaeus Aristagoras. Ionia had been vanquished by Persia around 540 BC and was governed by a portion of the local despots that were designated by the Persian satrap present in Sardis. In 499 BC, the despot of Miletus and Aristagoras with the Persian Satrap Artaphernes propelled an endeavor with the Persian satrap to overcome Naxos. This was done in the endeavor to reinforce his position. The strategic a failure and with the dread of expulsion as despot, Aristagoras chose to actuate the entire of Ionia against the Persian lord Darius, into disobedience (Anderson 1991: 20-26). The paper on Greek Unity enough for Persian attack is a significant point that has been talked about in the verifiable writing altogether. The solidarity and controls are the significant ideas in the present world that changes the world request and influence the countries inspiration level for retaliating with their adversaries. The Greeks were separated in a few classes during when assaulted by the Persian Empire. As the War of Persia was battled in fifth century, there was solid hold of Persia everywhere throughout the world having number of states in their control, it was never imagined that the solidarity of Greeks would bring defeat of the Persian Empire by simply assembling into a gathering. This new world request that appeared after the defeat of Persian Empire influenced the number of inhabitants in Greece as well as the entire world consequently presenting new methodologies of battling and military orders alongside a few different changes (Nicole, 1986). The prestigious clashes of Persia were anyway battled on the place where there is Greece however they began occurring from the minor area of Asia. It was the point at which the settlements of Greeks in Ionia defied the rulers of the Persia. This disobedience was later on known as the revolt of Ionia that kept going somewhere in the range of 494 and 499 B.C. The revolt was mostly started when radical constrained by the pioneers of Aristagoras of Miletus, consumed and sacked the nearby city of Sardis because of a few reasons. Anyway it was finished when there with retook of Miletus by the Persian Empire that squashed the fortification of radical that is after the skirmish of Lade (Armstrong 1990: 24-27). The war of Ionian Revolt just because was somewhere in the range of 499 and 449 B.C. Anyway the second war that was battled among the Persian wars was battled under the time of Darius that was the hour of 490 B.C. So also, the third Persian attack occurred under the Xerxes that is the period somewhere in the range of 481 and 479 B.C. From the period 479 till 450 B.C., the repercussions of the Persian war was finished up and each state had encountered specific perceptions about the fight. During this time, the Unity among Greeks was the most significant element that was experienced by the warriors during the fight (Boardman, 1978). Since the finish of the Persian Wars, the Greek city never stopped to contend, with the exception of during short détentes during which they reconstitute the powers, after which threats continued. It was during one of these détentes that the Athenians had occupied with endeavors against the Persians. Its expansionist arrangement had solidified Athens disdain of urban communities regularly effectively poorly arranged towards him, for his severity she had distanced numerous partners. In these conflicts, in his endeavors, she lost a great deal of men, assets dwindled. In 446, toward the finish of the détente which was examined over, the Peloponnesians attacked Attica, Pericles concluded that the new pioneer of business, go into a concurrence with Sparta, after which the two urban communities vowed to abstain from utilizing power to settle questions (Anderson 1991: 20-26). . After fifteen years started the Peloponnesian War with Athens went totally demolished. It isn't our expectation here to recognize the quick reasons for the war and the occasions of this contention of vital significance throughout the entire existence of Greece. We will hold occasions than those which are blended Persians. They assumed a job as of late, from 412. The facts confirm that the war occurred far away from home and their zone of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹influence (Anderson 1991: 20-26). The Ionian revolt that occurred during the period 493 and 499 B.C. was the explanation that began the Persian War later on. The value of the Greece and its warrior was demonstrated when the city conditions of the Athens fought continually and that the nauseate of their first attack shook the Persia anyway it was a period when the dread of Persian warriors was across the board. This entire circumstance improved the status of Greece and made its populace to have favorable position of it. Because of the principal intrusion of Greece that was the consequence of their solidarity, the certainty level of Athens was incredibly supported a while later influencing the legislative issues that was path diverse before the war (Camp, 2001). Another significant change that happens was how war was battled as it was in a totally extraordinary way and scale. The Greece solidarity was end up being increasingly successful if there should be an occurrence of the Persian intrusion since they arranged an assault that was land based instead of endeavoring to have ocean attack that is maritime intrusion. The arrangement that was made by Xerxes end up being fruitful for the war that was fundamentally executed by having land assaults anyway they battled with maritime intrusion from the Persian side. The military utilized by the two sides that is Greece and Persia depended on enormous armadas anyway Greece had incomparability as far as Naval armada that was an immediate consequence of the subsequent assault (Cadogan, 1980). To feature the solidarity of Greeks and clarify its significance in the attack of Persia, it is critical to feature the point of view of Persian war. In the year 499 B.C., the standard of Persia was revolted by a portion of the urban communities of Greek. Darius, the Persian ruler, in this manner retaliated the insurgency in this way attacked Greece and rebuffed the Athens for supporting ineffective revolt in the Ionia area. The main Persian attack gets flopped because of the decimation of Mount Athos from storm. Anyway the subsequent intrusion was effectively won by the Greeks where the Athenians and partners beaten the Persians in the Battle of Marathon in the 490 B.C. It is the main fight in history of Greece that end up being urgent supposing that the Athenians would have lost this war, they would have gone under the Persians control in this manner passing up on the chance of achieving aesthetic structures in the Greece (Bridges, Hall, Rhodes: 2007 453). The war in Persia has been prestigious because of a few angles that made the worldwide world to understand the significance of solidarity in their work. For around two centuries (fifth and fourth BC. BC), the Persians to the Greeks spoke to the inherited foe, similar to the English and the Germans were progressively for the French there not very far in the past (Isocrates, Panegyric Lysias, Funeral Oration). Everybody pretty much at the top of the priority list the Persian wars started by Darius to enslave the entire of Greece in 490 (Marathon), at that point by his replacement Xerxes in 480 (Salamis), and the success and decimation of the Persian Empire (334-323) by Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia, understanding the fantasy that had frequented such a large number of brains since the triumphant protection from the attacking brute retaliate for the shades of malice that the Persians had done to Greece (Armstrong 1990: 24-27). It tends to be finished up toward the finish of the paper that the Greece solidarity is of specific significance in the Persian war that made the Greeks to win it. The war against Persia has given verifiable exercises regard to the significance of having solidarity among countries that offer ascent to the turn of events and other positive changes. The Persian war is along these lines viewed as a wonderful fight that introduced the incomparability of the military methods utilized by the Greeks during the fight. It can likewise be finished up toward the finish of the paper that the Persian war itself introduced a portion of the significant authentic exercises to learn for the nations that solidarity was the critical factor behind retaliating with Persians.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Interview with entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Meeting with business visionary - Essay Example The motivation behind why these people will propose to work for themselves is a direct result of the different benefits that are related with business. A portion of the advantages are turning into their own managers just as the capacity to appreciate opportunity on the regions of organizations (Erik, 2011). The imagination and creative nature of an individual forms the business aptitudes in them. Since the 1700s numerous imaginative and inventive youthful experts have become business visionaries and the main impetus behind their entrance into enterprise world are the different advantages that are related with enterprise (Erik, 2011). Great act of business requires use of characteristics like commitment, adaptability, assurance, and imagination. Part ONE Introduction The procedure of enterprise begins with presentation of new things in zones where those presented things are absent. When the new things have been found these things are joined with the previously existing assets (Erik, 2 011). The procedure of mix of these things with the previously existing assets involves innovativeness. ... The age of their vitality happens inside due to their engaged personalities and the desire to make progress in all that they do. Ownership of naivety and cleverness simultaneously These individuals will in general have elevated level of insight also naivety in wandering into new territories (Brown, 1989). The naivety starts from different deduction since this reasoning is related with partition of smart thoughts from awful ones. Capacity to join both control and fun loving nature Creative individuals are constantly fit for consolidating both unreliability and obligation quality and they can work late around evening time not at all like uncreative people (Brown, 1989). Capacity to explore among creative mind and dream Creative individuals consistently have a feeling of the real world and this reality rises up out of creative mind that these individuals get from workmanship and science. Assets of contemplation and extraversion These assets can separate the character qualities in people and estimation of these distinctions is conceivable. Studies have demonstrated that these characteristics can be both found in innovative individuals. Stephen Murtagh appears to have a significant part of the above characteristics and this is on the grounds that through his endeavors AW Bell Machinery fabricating firm had the option to develop as a medium organization for the year (Casey, 2013). The organization couldn't send out its items in earlier years and through his exertion they had the option to turn around this culture and the organization could now trade the majority of its items just as to think of imaginative and innovative items. Section TWO-Literature survey According to Teresa Amabile (1988), a portion of the components that improve singular inventiveness are self inspiration, subjective

Saturday, July 25, 2020

Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders

Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders July 30, 2019 Tina Chang/Photolibrary/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention People who have anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are concerned about their body shape, size and/or weight, of course, but theres another body image problem with which many people also struggle: body dysmorphic disorder. Body dysmorphic disorder, which affects up to two percent of people in the United States, causes people to become overly concerned with outward appearance and perceived flaws. It may be seen in people with eating disorders, but is a distinctly different issue. Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder People suffering from body dysmorphic disorder are preoccupied or obsessed with one or more perceived flaws in their appearance. This preoccupation or obsession typically focuses on one or more body areas or features, such as their skin, hair, or nose. However, any body area or part can be the subject of concern. The Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) outlines the following criteria for a diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder: Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects in appearance that are not noticeable to others and are not truly disfigured.At some point, the person suffering has performed repetitive actions or thoughts in response to the concerns. This may be something like continuously comparing his/her appearance to that of others, mirror checking or skin picking.This obsession causes distress and problems in a person’s social, work, or other areas of life.This obsession isn’t better explained as a symptom of an eating disorder (although some people may be diagnosed with both). Muscle dysmorphia  or a preoccupation with the idea that your muscles are too small is considered a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder. The Relationship to Eating Disorders People with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa and those with body dysmorphic disorder may both be overly concerned with their size, shape, weight or outward appearance. Those with body dysmorphic disorder may even fixate on areas of their bodies that are similar to fixations seen in anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, such as the waist, hips, and/or thighs. They may also experience similar symptoms such as body checking (like frequent weighing or mirror checks) and excessive exercise. Researchers have estimated that as many as 12 percent of people with body dysmorphic disorder also suffer from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. However, it is important to note that not everyone with body dysmorphic disorder has an eating disorder. There are people with body dysmorphic disorder who focus solely on specific body parts (like the shape of their nose). Thats different than focusing on weight. A thorough assessment by a mental health professional such as a therapist or psychiatrist is useful to sort out whether or not someone is suffering from an eating disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, or both. Treatment Options The good news is that body dysmorphic disorder can be successfully treated, either through a type of psychotherapy known as cognitive behavioral therapy or with medications, including antidepressants. Any time there are multiple diagnoses involved (as is true in anyone who has both body dysmorphic disorder and an eating disorder), it can complicate treatment. However, research also supports the use of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of eating disorders. If you suffer from both problems, you’ll want to make sure your therapist is familiar with both and can create a customized treatment plan for you. You may also be interested in pursuing treatment with medication through your psychiatrist. It is important to remember that you may need to try different medications or dosages before you find the right fit for you. Always follow your doctor’s recommendations regarding medication and don’t hesitate to ask any questions you may have about them. It is important to note that many people with body dysmorphic disorder pursue surgical treatment options such as plastic surgery or hair implants in order to fix their perceived flaws. There is no evidence that this is helpful in the treatment of the condition, and may actually make it worse.

Friday, May 22, 2020

School Law - 2338 Words

| Zero Tolerance for Ineffective Zero Tolerance Policies | Can Zero Tolerance be Tolerated? | | Terrance Baker | LAWS310 | 12/14/2009 | Students are being handcuffed, arrested and expelled for possession of a butter knife or water gun, punishment that disproportionately targets African-American students, students being alienated and never returning to school after being suspended or expelled are all byproducts of the zero tolerance policies adopted by their school district. School administrators have abandoned common sense due to their adherence to zero tolerance policies by applying the same discipline to students that are guilty of minor offenses and non-violent rules violations, or just poor judgment as they due to†¦show more content†¦From the beginning, the zero tolerance policies have been reactionary policies to problems that have other root causes that cannot be solved by criminalizing every action that falls outside of the law, and by mandating punishment for all school violations regardless of the situation or circumstance, schools systems have created larger educational problems than they have s olved in their reaction to some very unfortunate school shootings. One of the problems that have been created by the implementation of the zero tolerance policies is the elimination of common sense when determining punishment for non-threatening and non-violent offenses. Administrators have stopped considering the intent of an action or the circumstances of the event. The Lindsay Brown case is a good example of how school administrators have stopped utilizing common sense when a violation has occurred. Lindsey Brown was a high school student that was in the process of moving and had several boxes in her car from the move when she went to school the next day. One of the boxes containing some kitchen items fell over in her car while she was driving; Lindsey parked her car and went to class. The school security officer noticed a knife on the floor of Lindsey’s car while she was in class.Show MoreRelatedLaw School Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesLaw School Perhaps one of the most difficult aspects of the practice of law is learning to be a lawyer. Virtually every new lawyer today is a graduate of law school, a much dreaded, but fulfilling journey to practicing law. 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And now that I’m in my senior year of Law school at the China University of Political Science and Law, I gradually become aware that in our lives, there are always aspirations we cannot realize in the end, and what I could do is to try my best in everything and leave no regret for future. Besides, as I studied further into law--such an exquisite and delicate science, I also realized that achievingRead MoreFinding The Relationship Between The Law And Your School919 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the Law and Your School Ericka Calderon Grand Canyon University: EAD-505 5/1/17 Discovering the relationship between the law and your school It is essential that educational administrators are knowledgeable of the legal structure challenging the issues in schools. In the United States of America, all school communities are governed by state and federal law. 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Thursday, May 7, 2020

Effect Of Cohabitation On The Male And Females - 1287 Words

Today it is the order of the day to find people involved and living together in sexual unions without actually getting married. Research has it that over 60% of marriages today derive their basis form prior cohabitation. However, less than a half of such unions end up in marriages of if they end up in marriages; the marriages themselves are never satisfied. According to statistics, over 46% of marriages derived from cohabitation today results in divorce cases and the worsening effects is even higher when the couple involved have cohabited severally in the past. The impacts of cohabitation have no positive effects on the male and females involved or even the children. Studies indicate that cohabiting parents spend most of their moneys on drugs and alcohol irrespective of whether they have children or not (Bradley Corwyn, 2004). The aspects of living in cohabitation unions whether there is a definite plan to get eventually married does not indicate a better path for marriages as compa red to forthright marriages. Researches on marriage qualities between cohabitation and actual marriages show poor conditions for cohabitation unions in all the aspects of the wedding. An analysis of children health between those born from cohabiting and those taken from married couples indicate quite ill health from those children born from cohabiting couple (Osborne McLanahan, 2007). Furthermore, the relationships between the males and females involved in cohabitation going by research areShow MoreRelatedCohabitation and Its Effect on Rise in Divorce Rate1117 Words   |  5 PagesEffect of Cohabitation on the Rising Divorce Rate The rise of the divorce rate seems to be due to the lack of commitment or understanding of love and longevity in a marriage. 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This includes rising cohabitation, higher divorce rates, secularisation, rising same sex relationships, more career seekers and the rise in feminism. Firstly, a nuclear family is a family consisting of a man and woman (usually married) in a sexual relationship with one or more children. One reason for this type of family becoming

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Hypothesis and Conclusion Free Essays

Running Heading: hypothesis and conclusion Unit 4 Short Paper: Hypothesis and Conclusion Kaplan University Ashley Gramma CJ499: Bachelors Capstone in Criminal Justice Professor Christopher Elg March 12, 2013 Science proceeds by a continuous, incremental process that involves generating hypotheses, collecting evidence, testing hypotheses, reaching evidence based conclusions. (Michael, 2002). The scientific process typically involves making observations, asking questions, forming hypotheses and testing hypotheses by way of well-structured experiments. We will write a custom essay sample on Hypothesis and Conclusion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Science in Action’s Science Fair Projects More, 2010-2011). The scientific method is steps used by many to find answers to questions they want to know. The scientific method is an approach to acquiring knowledge that contains many elements of the methods, and it tries to avoid pitfalls of any individual method used by itself. (Rybarova, 2006). Methods of inquiry are ways in which a person can know things or discover answers to the questions. (Rybarova, 2006). What are the five scientific methods of research inquiry and how they are defined? Explain how it is applied to the research project and provide examples. Develop a hypothesis focused on the professional practices of criminal justice practitioners. Then select two methods of inquiries and how you would apply them to your hypothesis to reach a conclusion. The five scientific methods of research inquiry are question, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion. The question process is what I want to learn, which in this process you will decide what variables you want to change and how. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Ask yourself, is it testable or non-testable? Those variables will be dependent and independent variables. A characteristic whose value may change, vary, or respond when manipulated experimentally is called a dependent variable. (Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Conversely, something that affects the characteristic of interest is called an independent variable. (Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003 -2012). The dependent variable is what you will study. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Hypothesis is your thought on why it is or an educated guess. It is a possible explanation that is intended to be tested and critically evaluated. (Rybarova, 2006). Hypotheses clarify the question being addressed in an experiment, help direct the design of the experiment, and help the experimenters maintain their objectivity. (Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). You are generating a testable prediction. (Rybarova, 2006). A method is replication or sample size, constant conditions, and control. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). You are evaluating the prediction by making systematic, planned observation, which involves research and data collection. (Rybarova, 2006). Then, the results, which is describing and understanding the results of an experiment are critical aspects of science. (Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Once you ar e at this step you can decide if the original hypothesis was true or false. You can use this observation to support refute, or refine the original hypothesis. (Rybarova, 2006). Finally, the conclusion which is the results you got from the research compared to the question. Did your question get the answer it want, and why or why not. Understanding and applying it to your scientific inquiry will give you a good if not the best chance to arrive at reliable, objective and credible scientific findings. (Science in Action’s Science Fair Projects More, 2010-2011). My question is has airline safety gone to the extreme since 9/11. This question is testable. My hypothesis or prediction is that airline safety has gone to extreme since 9/11. So how will I test this theory? I would do a telephone survey with 500 customers at use at least one of the four major airports. The questions will evolve around the customers experience with the airline security and safety issue since 9/11. In an article written by Bill McGee in the USA TODAY stated that, â€Å"while the Transportation Security Administration’s effectiveness has been hotly debated, there’s no denying that the â€Å"hassle factor† of flying commercially has soured many Americans on traveling by air. † (McGee, 2012). Although the heightened airport security procedures do not directly affect airline operations, the new process has caused a noticeable subset of airline passengers who opt for different modes of transportation or skip travel entirely. (Logan, 2004). An economic study from Cornell University in 2007 showed that federal baggage screenings brought about a 6 percent reduction in passenger volume across the board, with a 9 percent reduction in the nation’s busiest airports, totaling a nearly $1 billion loss for the airline industry. (Logan, 2004). Has the airlines safety gone to extreme since 9/11? Yes, they have gone to the extreme to most of the passengers whom were use the airlines. Since they have change the airline security policy they have lost quite a few passengers. These passengers have chosen to take a different travel alterative. My results have shown they that passengers have stop using the airlines as much, but does not state exactly why they do not use the airlines. References: Logan, G. (2004). The Effects of 9/11 on the Airline Industry. USA TODAY. http://traveltips. usatoday. com/effects-911-airline-industry-63890. html McGee, B. (2012). Five most significant changes in air travel since 9/11. USA TODAY. Travel. http://travel. usatoday. com/experts/mcgee/story/2012-06-27/Five-most-significant-changes-in-air-travel-since-911/55841424/1 Michael, R. (2002). Strategies for Educational Inquiry: Inquiry ; Scientific Method. Fall 2002 — Y520: 5982 http://www. indiana. edu/~educy520/sec5982/week_1/inquiry_sci_method02. pdf Regents of the University of Minnesota. (2003-2012). The Scientific Method. http://www. monarchlab. org/mitc/Resources/StudentResearch/ScientificMethod. aspx Rybarova, D. (2006). Introduction Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method. http://www. google. com/url? sa=t;rct=j;q=;esrc=s;frm=1;source=web;cd=9;cad=rja;ved=0CGIQFjAI;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. u. arizona. edu%2F~dusana%2Fpsych290Bpresession06%2Fnotes%2FCh1%2520Introduction%2C%2520Inquiry%2C%2520and%2520the%2520Scientific%2520method. ppt;ei=TeA_UaGqD8vZyQHD-4GQAg;usg=AFQjCNEbxy8umFWok015d60lu9H6Y8t0qw. Science in Action’s Science Fair Projects ; More. (2010-2011). The Scientific Method: The Method in the Madness! http://www. science-fair-projects-and-more. com/scientific-method. html How to cite Hypothesis and Conclusion, Essay examples

Monday, April 27, 2020

Taoism And Buddhism Essays (2219 words) - Taoism, Reincarnation

Taoism And Buddhism Taoism and Buddhism are the two great philosophical and religious traditions that originated in China. Taoism began the sixth century BCE. And Buddhism came to China from India around the second century of the Common Era. These two religions have shaped Chinese life and thought for nearly twenty-five hundred years. One dominant concept in Taoism and Buddhism is the belief in some form of reincarnation. The idea that life does not end when one die is an integral part of these religions and the culture of the Chinese people. Reincarnations, life after death, and beliefs are not standardized. Each religion has a different way of applying this concept to its beliefs. This paper will discuss the reincarnation concepts as they apply to Taoism and Buddhism, and then provide a comparison of both. Taoism The goal in Taoism is to achieve Tao, to find "the Way". Tao is the ultimate reality, a presence that existed before the universe was formed and which continues to guide the world and everything in it. Tao is sometimes identified as "the Mother", or the source of all things. That source is not a god or a Supreme Being, as Taoism is not monotheistic. The focus is not to worship one god, but instead to come into harmony with Tao. Tao is the essence of everything that is right, and complications exist only because people choose to complicate their own lives. Desire, ambition, fame, and selfishness are seen as hindrances to a harmonious life. One can only achieve Tao if he rids himself of all desires. By shunning every earthly distraction, the Taoist is able to concentrate on the self. The longer the person's life, the more saintly the person is presumed to become. Eventually the hope is to become immortal, to achieve Tao, to reach the deeper life. This is the after life for a Taoist, to be in harmony with the universe, and to have achieved Tao. The origin of the word Tao can explain the relationship between life, and the Taoism concept of life and death. The Chinese character for Tao is a combination of two characters that represent the words as head and foot. The character for foot represents the idea of a person's direction or path. The character for head represents the idea of conscious choice. The character for head also suggests a beginning, and foot, an ending. Thus the character for Tao also conveys the continuing course of the universe, the circle of heaven and earth. Finally, the character for Tao represents the Taoist idea that the eternal Tao is both moving and unmoving. The head in the character means the beginning, the source of all things, or Tao itself, which never moves or changes; the foot is the movement on the path. Taoism upholds the belief in the survival of the spirit after death. Taoist believes birth is not a beginning, and death is not an end. There is an existence without limit. There is continuity without a starting point. Applying reincarnation theory to Taoism is the belief that the soul never dies, a person's soul is eternal. In the writings of the Lao-Tzu Te-Tao Ching, Tao is described as having existed before heaven and earth. Tao is formless, it stands alone without change and reaches everywhere without harm. The Taoist is told to use the light that is inside to revert to the natural clearness of sight. By divesting oneself of all external distractions and desires, only then can one achieve Tao. In ancient days a Taoist that had transcended birth and death, achieved Tao, was said to have cut the Thread of Life. In Taoism, the soul or spirit does not die at death. The soul is not reborn, it simply migrates to another life. This process, the Taoist version of reincarnation, is repeated until Tao is achieved. The following translation from the Lao-Tzu Te-Tao Ching summarizes the theory behind Tao and how a Taoist can achieve Tao. The Great Tao flows everywhere. It may go left or right. All things depend on it for life, and it does not turn away from them. It accomplishes its task, but dies not claim credit for it. It clothes and feeds all things but does not claim to be master over them. Always without desires, it may be called the Small. All things come to it and it does not master them; it may be called the Great. Therefore (the sage) never strives himself for the great, and thereby the great is